UNIT 5 THE PAST
Unit Goals
In this unit you will learn:
-Talk about world archeological sites
-Talk about visiting a historicalsite
-Talk about an ancient empire
-Use the past perfect
-Use the third conditional
-Talk about animals of the past
LESSON A ARCHEOLOGY
Grammar in Context
Examples Explanations
When they arrived at the train station, Form the past perfect with
the train had left. had + the past participle of a verb.
The American explorer Hiram Bingham told Use the past perfect with the simple
the world about Machu Picchu in 1911. Few past to make the sequence of past
people knew about the village at that time events or situations clear.
because no one had lived there since 1572.
The event or situation in the past
perfect happened earlier- before
another past time.
The Chinese (had) fought in many wars When words such as before or after
before they built The Great Wall. make the sequence of past events
clear, the simple past is often used
instead of the past perfect.
Had you seen pictures of the Great Pyramid Form Yes/No questions, Wh-questions,
at Giza before today? and negative statements with the past
How long had Machu Picchu been abandoned perfect.
when Hiram Bingham first saw it?
We hadn't been there very long when it began
to rain.
LESSON B LEARNING FROM THE PAST
Grammar in Context
Time expressions with the past perfect
Examples Explanations
Before my grandfather died, we took the train The time expressions always, never,
to Los Mochis becaue he had always enjoyed already, and (not) yet are often used
traveling by train. with the past perfect.
Before last week, i had never visited the museum. The time expression usually comes between had and the past participle of the verb.
I didn't eat lunch with Gisela because i had Already and yet may also come after
(already) eaten already. the past participle of the verb.
When Rafa arrived, the party hadn't (yet) started
yet.
LESSON C THE RISE AND FALL OF AN EMPIRE
Angkor The City and Its Water
Even it ruins, Angkor is a fascinating city. For hundreds of years, it was the capital of the Khmer Empire -now part of Cambodia. There are 50 temples, including Angkor's largest and most famous temple -Angkor Wat.
Nowadays, you'll mostly see tourists at Angkor, but in the 13th century, around 750,000 people lived there. They neededfood and water, but Southeast Asia only gets a large amount of rain during a months of the year. In order to have water for its populatin and for farming, Angkor's engineers biult enormous structures to store water and to move it from place to place.
By the 16th century, however, Angkor's economy had changed from farming to tranding by sea. Then, in the early 1700s, Vietnam took control of the Mekong River, and Khmer boats could no longer reach the South China Sea. The Khmer people couldn't use the river to buy and sell food and other goods, so they moved away from Angkor.
Grammar in Context
Third conditional
Examples Explanations
If Brandon had gotten to class on time, Use the third conditional to talk about
he would have heard the teacher's unreal or untrue conditions in the past.
instructions.
If people had stayedin Angkor, they would Use an if clause with a verb in the past
not have been able to make a living. perfect and a result clause with would +
a verb in the present oerfect to form
the third conditional.
If he had been the king, he would have had Always use the simple form of the verb
a monument built in his honor. have after the modal would.
LESSON D LOSING THE PAST?
Transitions
Examples Explanations
Our language reveals a lot about our culture. Use transitions to show relationships
In addition, it gives us a personal identity. between ideas,
When a language dies, it is lost forever. Use In additin,... to add another idea.
Furthermore, much of the knowledge and Use Furthermore,... to add to an
wisdom of the people who spoke it is also explanation.
lost.
Some indigenous languages are still widely Use For example,...or For instance,...
Some indigenous languages are still widely Use For example,...or For instance,...
spoken. For examples, / For instance, more to introduce an example.
than eight million people speak the Quechua
languages.
Many elderly Navajo people speak the language. Use In contrast,...or On the other
In contrast, most young Navajo speak only English. hand,...to introduce a contrasting or
Some children want to learn indigenous languages. opposing idea.
On the other hand, they are not permitted to speak
those languages at school.
languages.
Many elderly Navajo people speak the language. Use In contrast,...or On the other
In contrast, most young Navajo speak only English. hand,...to introduce a contrasting or
Some children want to learn indigenous languages. opposing idea.
On the other hand, they are not permitted to speak
those languages at school.
LESSON E BRINGING THE PAST TO LIFE
Technicians work on a Tyrannosaurus Rex model used in a movie.
At Field Station: Dinosaurs in New Jersey, USA, visitors learn about dinosaur biology and behavior.
LESSON F READING
Sea Monsters
Stories about sea monsters are told on many parts of the world -perhaps becuase people think the storiesmight be true. After all, lakes and oceans can be dark, mysterious places. But the may also be scientific reasons to believe the stories.
The world's most famous sea monster has to be Nessie. According to stories,she lives in Scotland in a large lake called Loch Ness.
In the 1700s, scitists beagn to find fossils frm ancient sea animals in the area. Perhaps Nessie was some kind of dinosaur that had survived into modern times. It might sound unlikely, buy many people say they have seen the monster.
Some Native American tribes tell stories about the Unktehila. They say these monsters looked likegiant snakes or lizards, and they ate everything -including each other! And although the Unktehilamay be imaginary, terrible sea creatures called mosasaurs did live in North America millions of years ago. In fact, Native Americans had found fossilized bones from mosasaurs long before any scientist knew about them.
Nessie and the Unktehila are just some of the sea monsters from stories and legends.
Could a few prehistoric sea creatures have survived long enough for people to know about them? Or have the fossil of these animals inspired the stories? We may never know for sure.
EXERCISES
LETTER'S SOUP
http://sopadeletras.kokolikoko.com/crearsopas.php
 |
ARCHEOLOGY
CITY
CULTURE
DINOSAURS
EMPIRE
NESSIE
PAST
PYRAMID
TYRANNOSAURUS
CROSSWORD
http://www.tarkus.info/crucigramas/crucigrama.php?nomm=Crucigrama&nom=05/03/2016&crucigrama=OagOKHb%209hlubH1ASBr3gDLK/c3aK/tAOozsHlQN/qQ=
QUIZ
QUESTIONARY
What is the past perfect?
What is the simple past?
What is the third conditional?
What is the transitions?
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